{"id":7135,"date":"2021-04-27T15:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-04-27T14:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/?p=7135"},"modified":"2021-04-27T22:42:10","modified_gmt":"2021-04-27T21:42:10","slug":"vanadium-the-unknown-green-tech-metal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/vanadium-the-unknown-green-tech-metal\/","title":{"rendered":"Vanadium the unknown Green-Tech metal"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"7135\" class=\"elementor elementor-7135\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fafcd5f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fafcd5f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-032b9e3\" data-id=\"032b9e3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62a6953 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"62a6953\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>What is Vanadium?<\/strong><\/p><p>What do a fly agaric mushroom, seal shells, and a steel wrench have in common? The opening sentence could be the setup for a very bad joke, but there really is a common link and that is a little-known element called Vanadium.<\/p><p>Vanadium is a chemical element with the symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery-grey, malleable transition metal, which when oxidized becomes extremely colourful, with the reflected hues dependent on the thickness of the oxidization. This oxide layer stabilizes the free metal against further oxidation.<\/p><p>The element was discovered by Andr\u00e9s Manuel del R\u00edo in 1801 in Mexico as he analysed a new lead-bearing mineral he called &#8220;brown lead&#8221; and today it is calculated as the 20th most abundant metal in the earth, making it twice as abundant as copper.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ae83f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ae83f7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-822fda9\" data-id=\"822fda9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ad077e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6ad077e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"413\" src=\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Vandium-Production.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7139\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-356687f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"356687f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-00313b6\" data-id=\"00313b6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b015af0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b015af0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>China is the largest producer of Vanadium with a 59% share of the market but the largest deposits outside of China are found in South Africa, Russia, and Canada.<\/p><p><strong>WHY VANADIUM<\/strong><\/p><p>Vanadium is becoming a more highly sought-after, strategic mineral. The Steel sector uses it in the manufacturing of Steel Rebar and the clean energy sector uses it in battery storage technology. When President Obama talked about the new Vanadium Redux Battery, he said it was the \u201ccoolest thing he had ever said\u201d, though he had little idea what it all meant.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-45dd300 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"45dd300\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1b34d7a\" data-id=\"1b34d7a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9d3576 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e9d3576\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"636\" height=\"449\" src=\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/VRFB.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7141\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/VRFB.png 636w, https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/VRFB-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 636px) 100vw, 636px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-af03b84 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"af03b84\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b7fb098\" data-id=\"b7fb098\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f3c9c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f3c9c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>For those in the know, it is a main competitor to the Lithium-Ion battery. The advantages of the Vanadium Redox Flow Battery are that it can rapidly release large amounts of electricity, it can store with no emissions electricity during the nonpeak times, meaning that it is suitable for placing within high-density populations like towns and cities. Vanadium Electrolyte is reusable, recyclable and with a battery lifespan of 25+ years, it is longer lasting than the Duracell Bunny could ever be. Windfarms that generate energy need somewhere to store their power and we have seen that the Vanadium Redox grid-level storage proving itself in this area.<\/p><p>With the latest US Presidential Administration, we have lots of discussion and money being put towards a New Green Deal and an infrastructure plan to bring the roads, bridges, and cities back up to date as the current infrastructure is beyond its intended lifespan.<\/p><p>The majority of the vanadium produced is used as a steel additive. A tiny percentage of Vanadium added to steel has a considerable increase of strength in steel. On the discovery of this vanadium steel was used for crankshafts, gears, and other critical components. The higher the content of vanadium carbides in alloys the larger the increase in wear resistance which is applied to products like industrial tools and knives.<\/p><p>Although forecasts for VRFB\u2019s vary, they indicate that demand could increase vanadium demand by an additional 6 % per annum. The World Bank Group forecasts that by 2050 vanadium demand from energy storage alone could consume nearly twice the 2018 global vanadium production. While some forecasts are for flow batteries to capture up to 18 % of the stationary energy storage market by 2027, even a 10 % market share by VRFBs would equate to 55,000 mtV of demand, compared with ~2,000 mtV consumed in 2018.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b3a1063 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b3a1063\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c5d7b72\" data-id=\"c5d7b72\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-182334d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"182334d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"244\" src=\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Picture1-4.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7142\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-483e8ec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"483e8ec\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-778fc71\" data-id=\"778fc71\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab952d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ab952d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Vanadium is currently in oversupply as production increases on the back of higher prices, the new supply is quick to come on stream as the miners are quick to react. The basic laws of economics \u2013 supply and demand \u00ad\u2013 dictate that the spot prices for the substance will fall, then stabilize as the increased demand from both America and China for Steel Rebar increases as they invest heavily in their infrastructure projects. Couple that with the move into full electrification of vehicles and the need for power, the need for sustainable and renewable energy storage is very real. The price of Vanadium is starting to tick up with today\u2019s price around $32 per\/kg.<\/p><p>The Australian stock exchange (ASX) along with the Toronto Stock Venture Exchange (TSX-V) is where you can find the majority of mining companies that produce Vanadium but one of the largest companies in the Vanadium mining and VRFB\u2019s is on the London Stock Exchange AIM.<\/p><p>Bushveld Minerals Ltd. (BMN: AIM)<\/p><p>Bushveld Minerals Limited was incorporated in 2012 and is based in Johannesburg, South Africa.<\/p><p>From the Bushveld Minerals website <br \/><em>\u201cOur Strategy Bushveld Minerals is committed to generating value in a safe and sustainable way for all of our stakeholders throughout the commodity cycle. Bushveld Minerals\u2019 strategy is: To build a sustainable, cash-generating, low-cost production platform, comprising: a) high-grade, opencast, and low-cost primary vanadium mines; and b) refurbished brownfield processing facilities, with a flexible and scalable low-cost production capability and a diversified vanadium product portfolio. To leverage our large, low-cost production platform and build a leading downstream vanadium-based energy storage platform, which will have a pivotal role across the VRFB value chain as a supplier of electrolytes, a project developer, and a VRFB technology champion.\u201d<\/em><\/p><p>Bushveld Minerals Limited engages in the exploration and development of vanadium projects in South Africa. The company operates through four segments: Vanadium and Iron Ore Exploration, Coal Exploration, Vanadium Mining and Production, and Energy. It also explores vanadium, titanium, iron ore, phosphate, tin, and coal deposits. The company primarily holds interests in the Vametco, Brits, Vanchem, and Mokopane projects located in the Northern Limb of the Bushveld Complex in Limpopo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-603bf69 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"603bf69\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8c1c61f\" data-id=\"8c1c61f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59ee6d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"59ee6d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"543\" src=\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Bushveld-Chart.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7143\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cb02697 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cb02697\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d1fa5b2\" data-id=\"d1fa5b2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d84e06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d84e06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>The Bushveld chart shows that April 2020 to January 2021 was a period of consolidation for the company\u2019s share price. Then around President Biden\u2019s inauguration, there was a clear move higher with a retrace back to the area of balance culminating with the April 2021 lows.<\/p><p>Technically this share price looks ready to go higher, having found a decent amount of support with a measured move to the upside likely to test the highs seen in late 2018.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e403688 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e403688\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cf4e043\" data-id=\"cf4e043\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77ea38b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"77ea38b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3gNZR1F\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Industrials-ETF.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7140\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Industrials-ETF.png 1909w, https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Industrials-ETF-360x180.png 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8756ec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8756ec\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-54ab53a\" data-id=\"54ab53a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2140a93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2140a93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3gNZR1F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">See real-time quotes<\/a> provided by our partner.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a7dd24 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a7dd24\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31b54b8\" data-id=\"31b54b8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95332d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"95332d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>With the Industrial sector looking likely to carry on with its meteoric rise since the pandemic lows we look to the XLI on ActivTrader for signs of where the support may be, should there be a pullback? The February highs on the <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3gNZR1F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">XLI ETF <\/a>look like they could be the first significant support, with the Ichimoku cloud rising higher and some distance away from price.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dd9a441 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dd9a441\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-00ffc8a\" data-id=\"00ffc8a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5920110 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5920110\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/2O7rKFx\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"509\" src=\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/copper-1w-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7144\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/copper-1w-1.png 1379w, https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/copper-1w-1-360x180.png 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b6a6854 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b6a6854\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b55a93b\" data-id=\"b55a93b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ca9473 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9ca9473\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/2O7rKFx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">See real-time quotes<\/a> provided by our partner.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8c8f746 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8c8f746\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0cf9526\" data-id=\"0cf9526\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cc0521 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8cc0521\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>If <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/2O7rKFx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Copper<\/a> were the bellwether for the Industrial complex, the fact that it has pushed higher out of the rising trend channel, suggests that the increase in demand from the USA and China as they plough trillions of <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3eIXPz1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">US dollars<\/a> into infrastructure, is set to continue in the base metals and critical minerals markets.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is Vanadium? What do a fly agaric mushroom, seal shells, and a steel wrench have in common? The opening sentence could be the setup for a very bad joke, but there really is a common link and that is a little-known element called Vanadium. Vanadium is a chemical element with the symbol V and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":7136,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4],"tags":[400,109,399,398],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v17.6 (Yoast SEO v20.11) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Vanadium the unknown Green-Tech metal - Youtrading UK<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/vanadium-the-unknown-green-tech-metal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vanadium the unknown Green-Tech metal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is Vanadium? What do a fly agaric mushroom, seal shells, and a steel wrench have in common? The opening sentence could be the setup for a very bad joke, but there really is a common link and that is a little-known element called Vanadium. Vanadium is a chemical element with the symbol V and [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/vanadium-the-unknown-green-tech-metal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Youtrading UK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/YouTradingEnglish\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-04-27T14:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-04-27T21:42:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/shutterstock_1802920114.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"292\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Neville Hornsey\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Neville Hornsey\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/vanadium-the-unknown-green-tech-metal\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/vanadium-the-unknown-green-tech-metal\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Neville Hornsey\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/95b20558021997bd74f4db43fabddf85\"},\"headline\":\"Vanadium the unknown Green-Tech metal\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-04-27T14:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-04-27T21:42:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/vanadium-the-unknown-green-tech-metal\/\"},\"wordCount\":1094,\"commentCount\":11,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"BATTERY\",\"Copper\",\"STEEL\",\"VANADIUM\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Commodities\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/vanadium-the-unknown-green-tech-metal\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/vanadium-the-unknown-green-tech-metal\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/vanadium-the-unknown-green-tech-metal\/\",\"name\":\"Vanadium the unknown Green-Tech metal - Youtrading UK\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-04-27T14:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-04-27T21:42:10+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/vanadium-the-unknown-green-tech-metal\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/vanadium-the-unknown-green-tech-metal\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/vanadium-the-unknown-green-tech-metal\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Vanadium the unknown Green-Tech metal\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/\",\"name\":\"Youtrading UK\",\"description\":\"Leaders in Trader Training\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"YouTrading\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Logo-Youtrading-2020_preto.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Logo-Youtrading-2020_preto.svg\",\"width\":2531,\"height\":570,\"caption\":\"YouTrading\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/YouTradingEnglish\/\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/youtrading_english\/\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCc22BNolZpSd33lXc8utUvg\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/95b20558021997bd74f4db43fabddf85\",\"name\":\"Neville Hornsey\",\"description\":\"Neville Hornsey holds a BA Honours 2.1 in Professional Media and has been a professional trader since 2007. Neville has worked for several brokerages and prop firms, specialising in the Foreign exchange and Futures markets and blends technical analysis with fundamentals, with a bias towards swing and intraday trade setups.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/author\/nevillehornsey\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Vanadium the unknown Green-Tech metal - Youtrading UK","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/vanadium-the-unknown-green-tech-metal\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Vanadium the unknown Green-Tech metal","og_description":"What is Vanadium? What do a fly agaric mushroom, seal shells, and a steel wrench have in common? The opening sentence could be the setup for a very bad joke, but there really is a common link and that is a little-known element called Vanadium. Vanadium is a chemical element with the symbol V and [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/vanadium-the-unknown-green-tech-metal\/","og_site_name":"Youtrading UK","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/YouTradingEnglish\/","article_published_time":"2021-04-27T14:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-04-27T21:42:10+00:00","og_image":[{"width":500,"height":292,"url":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/shutterstock_1802920114.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Neville Hornsey","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Neville Hornsey","Estimated reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/vanadium-the-unknown-green-tech-metal\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/vanadium-the-unknown-green-tech-metal\/"},"author":{"name":"Neville Hornsey","@id":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/95b20558021997bd74f4db43fabddf85"},"headline":"Vanadium the unknown Green-Tech metal","datePublished":"2021-04-27T14:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2021-04-27T21:42:10+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/vanadium-the-unknown-green-tech-metal\/"},"wordCount":1094,"commentCount":11,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/#organization"},"keywords":["BATTERY","Copper","STEEL","VANADIUM"],"articleSection":["Commodities"],"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/vanadium-the-unknown-green-tech-metal\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/vanadium-the-unknown-green-tech-metal\/","url":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/vanadium-the-unknown-green-tech-metal\/","name":"Vanadium the unknown Green-Tech metal - Youtrading UK","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/#website"},"datePublished":"2021-04-27T14:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2021-04-27T21:42:10+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/vanadium-the-unknown-green-tech-metal\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/vanadium-the-unknown-green-tech-metal\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/vanadium-the-unknown-green-tech-metal\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Vanadium the unknown Green-Tech metal"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/","name":"Youtrading UK","description":"Leaders in Trader Training","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/#organization","name":"YouTrading","url":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Logo-Youtrading-2020_preto.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Logo-Youtrading-2020_preto.svg","width":2531,"height":570,"caption":"YouTrading"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/YouTradingEnglish\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/youtrading_english\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCc22BNolZpSd33lXc8utUvg"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/95b20558021997bd74f4db43fabddf85","name":"Neville Hornsey","description":"Neville Hornsey holds a BA Honours 2.1 in Professional Media and has been a professional trader since 2007. Neville has worked for several brokerages and prop firms, specialising in the Foreign exchange and Futures markets and blends technical analysis with fundamentals, with a bias towards swing and intraday trade setups.","url":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/author\/nevillehornsey\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7135"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7135"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7135\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7136"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/youtrading.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}